Exclamations

Tibetan language does not have a corresponding ! exclamation mark. Instead, various so called vocatives or interjections are used, similar to 'oh, 'ah', and so forth. This is also the eight case of the so called eight cases/ particles that Tibetans borrowed from the Sanskrit grammar. Vocative is in Tibetan འབོད་སྒྲ་ 'bod sgra. 

The particles ཀྱེ་ kye and ཀྭ་ཡི་ kwa yi are one way to find these vocatives as they show up in the beginning of the expression,  these two precede a noun with no case ending. The vocatives are also indicated at the end of sentence structures. Also, the ། is used in the beginning part to isolate the vocative from the rest of the sentence.

As in other languages, vocatives are used to indicate emotive feelings, surprise, grief, joy. You could also see them in the beginning of shorter texts such as praises or songs expressing deep realizations.

In some cases it's best to leave the vocative un-translated and use the Sanskrit or Tibetan word. In other cases use something that has a similar strong expression of sensation.

Here are some examples of vocatives:

ཀྱེ་ལྷའི་ལྷ།་ 

Oh god of gods!

ཨེ་མ་ཧོ་ལ་ངོམཙར་ཆེ།

E Ma Ho (Alas!) How wondrous!

ཀྱེ་རྡོ་རྗེ་

"Hey Dorje", or Hevajra.

།ཀྱེ་ཧོ། །འཁོར་བའི་བྱ་བ་ཀུན་ལ་སྙིང་པོ་མེད། །

Kyeho (Behold! O!)! All activities within saṃsāra are pointless and hollow

ཀྱེ། གནོད་སྦྱིན་ནོར་ལྷ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་ཆེར། །

Kye! In the great palace of oceanic yakṣas and wealth deities

ཀྱེ༔ སྐྱེ་མེད་ཀ་དག་སྤྲོས་བྲལ་དབྱིངས༔

Kyé! The unborn, originally pure basic space free of constructs

ཨ་ཧོ། སྐལ་ལྡན་ལས་ཅན་སྐྱེས་མཆོག་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་གསོན། 

A ho! Listen well, all you fortunate, supreme disciples of excellent karma!

།ཀ་ཡེ་རྣལ་འབྱོར་ཕོ་མོ། །

Ahoy, yogins and yoginīs!

ཨེ་མ། ཞི་བ་ཆེན་པོ་ཀྱེ།

E ma! Oh great peace!