ཅན་ - The Possession Particle

One of the easiest particles to recognize is the ཅན་ can particle, the particle that indicates a possession. For example you see སེམས་ཅན་ sems can (Sanskrit sattva) quite a lot in Tibetan texts, sentient beings. སེམས་ is mind and ཅན་ is the possession particle, or "the one who possesses a mind". Now all beings possess a mind and are also sentient -- so there's some debate if སམས་ཅན་ could have been simply translated as beings, but we will now live in the Western world with the "sentient beings" translation for the unforeseen future.

When ཅན་ is added after a noun, it means that "which possesses" or "the one who possesses", or it could turn the noun itself into an adjective. You could also think that this particles defines something that is endowed, imbued with, be provided with, be possessed with (!), subject to, and so on.

More examples you could encounter are ལུས་ཅན་ - "the one who possesses a body" -- living beings.  གངས་ཅན་ is "the thing that possesses snow", or Tibet. ལེ་ལོ་ཅན་ is "the one who possesses laziness", or lazy. དྲིན་ཅན་ is "the one that possesses kindness" -- kind (one). བློ་ཅན་ is "possessed with intelligence" the intelligent (one) (Sanskrit mati). ཆ་ཅན་ is "possessing parts" or the whole (!). ཆོས་ཅན་ (Sanskrit dharmin), "possessor of qualities or phenomena" is logical subject, or phenomena - you could use the word substratum here also but most likely the reader will use a thesaurus to understand that word. 

There are many, many other similar 'possessing-' combination words but the idea was here to recognize ཅན་ in a statement when you parse it in your mind. Note also that in verse ཅན་ might be added or removed to keep the verse form.

Examples

བདག་སོགས་མཁའ་ཁྱབ་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི། །
dak sok khakhyab semchen gyi
For me and all sentient beings throughout the whole of space,

ཞིང་མཆོག་བདེ་བ་ཅན་དུ་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །
shying chok dewachen du kyewar shok
May they all be reborn in the supreme pure land, Sukhāvatī!

[བདེ་བ་ཅན་ - Dewachen, the place endowed with bliss]

སྐྱེ་བོ་དྲེགས་པ་ཅན་རྣམས་ཚར་བཅད་ནས། །
kyewo drekpachen nam tsarché né
Where you triumphed over the proud contestants,

[དྲེགས་པ་ here means arrogant, haughty or as translated proud, if you take ་དྲེགས་པ་ཅན་ and do a dictionary lookup you get 'haughty spirits' which is not at all the case in this context]

དྲིན་ཅན་བླ་མ་དེ་མཁྱེན་ནོ། །
drinchen lama dé khyen no
O gracious guru, care for me!

བདག་གིས་མུ་སྟེགས་ཅན་གཞན་དག །
dak gi mutek chen shyendak
"I freed tīrthikas and others.."
[You could also use མུ་སྟེགས for tīrthikas (heretic) but here the longer version is suitable for the verse]

ཆུ་བུར་ཅན་དང་ལྷག་པར་བརྡོལ་བ་ཅན། །
chubur chen dang lhakpar dolwa chen
Breaks out in blisters, which burst open into festering sores,

[ཆུ་བུར་ means bubbles or boiling, so here is the 'bubbling-boiling possessing' or blisters]

ལྷ་མོ་འོད་ཟེར་ཅན་མ་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །
lhamo özer chen ma la chaktsal lo
Homage to the goddess Mārīcī!

[Example where the name of this female goddess Mārīcī is the 'one who possesses the light', མ་ indicates female deity in the name]

འདིས་མཚོན་དགེ་བས་བདག་སོགས་ཡིད་ཅན་ཀུན། །
di tsön gewé dak sok yichen kün
Through the virtue represented here, may I and all who possess a mind

འབར་བ་མེ་ཡི་བདུད་རྩི་ཅན་གྱི་ཤིང་༔

barwa mé yi dütsi chen gyi shing

Blazes a fire of nectar-filled wood.

འཇིགས་བྲལ་འཆི་མེད་སྐུ་ཅན་པདྨ་འབྱུང་། །
jikdral chimé kuchen pema jung
Padmasambhava, fearless possessor of immortal form.